One byte = 8 bits, initially used in early IBM computer encoding. It is the fundamental unit of storage capacity, such as file sizes and memory capacity. Universally adopted worldwide, but note: hard drive manufacturers typically use decimal (1KB=1000B), while operating systems use binary (1KiB=1024B).

1 gigabyte = 10⁹ bytes (as defined by hard drive manufacturers) or 2³⁰ ≈ 1.074×10⁹ bytes (as used by operating systems). Widely used to indicate storage capacity of smartphones, USB drives, and hard disks. Used globally in daily life, though confusion exists between decimal and binary interpretations (IEC recommends using GiB for binary).